The amount of vitamin D your skin makes depends on many factors, including the time of day, season, latitude and your skin pigmentation. Your body also makes vitamin D when direct sunlight converts a chemical in your skin into an active form of the vitamin (calciferol). Sponsorship: Grants from the Karen Elise Jensens Foundation.Vitamin D isn't naturally found in many foods, but you can get it from fortified milk, fortified cereal, and fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel and sardines. The depression of the vitamin D-PTH system seen among smokers may represent another potential mechanism for the deleterious effects of smoking on the skeleton, and may contribute to the reported risk of osteoporosis among smokers. Smokers had small but significant reductions in bone mineral density.Ĭonclusions: Smoking has a significant effect on calcium and vitamin D metabolism, which is not likely to be explained by other confounding lifestyle factors. The small differences in lifestyle between the two groups could not explain these findings. We found a negative effect of smoking on serum osteocalcin ( P=0.01), while urinary pyridinolines were similar in the two groups. There was no difference in serum ionized calcium between smokers and non-smokers. Results: Fifty percent were current smokers. Multiple regression analyses were performed to detect the effect of potentially confounding lifestyle factors, such as calcium and vitamin D intakes, alcohol and coffee consumption, sunbathing, and physical exercise. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with DEXA-scans.
The two groups were compared with regard to serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH) 2D), intact PTH, ionized calcium and phosphate, osteocalcin, as well as urine pyridinolines. Methods: The women were grouped according to their current smoking status. None were using hormone replacement therapy. Subjects: Five-hundred-and-ten healthy women aged 45–58 y, included 3–24 months after last menstrual bleeding. Objective: To assess the influence of smoking on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum vitamin D metabolites, serum ionized calcium, serum phosphate, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in a cohort of 510 healthy Danish perimenopausal women.
0 kommentar(er)
